Ubwoko bushya bwa beto yatewe hifashishijwe agatege hamwe na sima hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zidasanzwe kugirango byihutishe gukomera kwa beto byakozwe muburayi.
Azwi nka "shotcrete" yasanze kwiyongera mubikorwa nkuburyo bwo gushyigikira ubutaka bwubucukuzi bwubutaka muburayi no muri Amerika ya ruguru.
Imikoreshereze yacyo mu birombe byo munsi y'ubutaka yageragejwe cyane.Byagaragaye ko ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo gushyigikira ubutaka mu bihe bisanzwe by’ubutaka ariko ko mu bihe bibi, nka talc schist hamwe n’ibihe bitose, bidashoboka kubishyira mu bikorwa neza.
Gukoresha amasasu nk'uburyo bwo gushyigikira ubutaka mu birombe byo munsi y'ubutaka biteganijwe kwiyongera.Isima isukuye hamwe nubwoko bwa plastike yinyongeramusaruro irakomeje ishobora kongera urugero rwibikorwa byayo.Gusasa beto ifitanye isano na mesh insinga imaze kubona uburyo bwagutse mubucukuzi bwubutaka.
Ikoreshwa rya Shotcrete
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kuvanga amafuti ya coarse-agregate, aribyo kuvanga-kuvanga no gukama-kuvanga birimo kuvanga ibintu byose bya beto n'amazi no kuvoma imvange yibyibushye binyuze mumashanyarazi yoherejwe kuri nozzle, aho hiyongereyeho umwuka wongeyeho na ibikoresho byatewe hejuru yikintu.Inzira yumye-xix ituma byoroha kwinjiza byihuta muri rusange kuvanga amazi-gushonga, bityo byihutisha inzira.Byihuta byakozwe kugirango bifashe beto gukomera hejuru yigitare no gushira munsi y’amazi menshi.
Imashini zivanga amazi ntizigeze zikorwa kugeza aho zishobora gukoreshwa hafi ya 3/4 muri. Ubu bwoko bwimashini zikoreshwa cyane muguhindura ubutaka aho gushyigikirwa mubutaka bubi.Amachine yubwoko nkubu nimbunda-Yose Model H, ikwirakwizwa nisosiyete ikora ibikoresho byubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, kandi ikaba isanzwe ikoreshwa mubisabwa munsi yubutaka aho igipande cyoroshye cya beto kigera kuri 2in.umubyimba kandi ufite igiteranyo cya 1/2 muri. Ingano ntarengwa irakenewe kugirango imiterere yumye.
Gushigikira Imikorere ya Shortcrete
Shotcrete irashobora gukoreshwa haba muburyo cyangwa nkubufasha butari bwubatswe.Intege nke zubutare bwa pulasitike nubutaka butagira ubumwe bisaba gukoresha imiterere itajegajega, ishoboye kugirango ubutaka budatemba kandi butembera mu gufungura.Ibi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje santimetero 4 cyangwa zirenga za firime.
Mubutare bubishoboye, burashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza no kuvunika kugirango wirinde amabuye mato mato atera imbaraga zurutare no kunanirwa.Shitingi ikoreshwa kuri 2 kugeza kuri 4 muri. Ubugari hejuru yigitare kitoroshye kugirango yuzuze ibice hamwe nu mwobo kugirango habeho ubuso buringaniye no gukuraho ingaruka zidasanzwe, gusa birasabwa gusa kunaniza kubutaka bworoshye.Muri iki gihe, matrike ihujwe cyane ikora nka kole yo gufata urufunguzo nuduti dushyigikira ibice binini byurutare hanyuma amaherezo ya tunnel.Ubu bwoko bwa porogaramu burasanzwe muri Suwede, aho igishushanyo mbonera cya tunnel gishingiye kuri firime irakunzwe cyane kubera imikorere yacyo nigiciro gito.
Isasu rirashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo bwurupapuro ruto kugirango urinde ubutare bushya bwacukuwe kugira ngo butabaho kandi bwangirika n’umwuka n’amazi.Muri ubu buryo, ni memebrane ihoraho ihindagurika umuvuduko wikirere ushobora gukora nkinkunga.
Kugereranya Gunite na Shotcrete
Amasasu ya coarse-agregate aratandukanye na gunite ivanze kandi ikoreshwa muburyo isasu ni beto yukuri irimo amabuye ya coare (agera kuri 1.25 in) muri rusange, mugihe imbunda isanzwe ari sima ya sima.Amasasu atandukanye na gunite mubisabwa no mumikorere muburyo bukurikira:
)Inkunga ikomeye ya rutare-rutare ikekwa ko iterwa nigikorwa cyihuta cyihuta cyihuta kivanze kitemerera beto kunyerera hejuru yigitare ingaruka ziteranya ibice binini byegeranye ku bice byiza kandi igishushanyo mbonera imashini ngufi zikoreshwa.
2.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubyimbye bigera kuri 6 muri. Muri pass imwe, mugihe gunite byanze bikunze igarukira kubyimbye bitarenze santimetero 1.Gutyo kurasa byihuse bihinduka inkunga ikomeye kimwe na stabilisateur yubutaka bubi.
3) Imvange yihuta ikoreshwa mukurasa amasasu irayifasha mugushikira ubumwe nigitare, nubwo isasu rishobora kuba rifite intege nke ugereranije na beto isanzwe ihwanye ariko ifite umuvuduko muke.Ntiririnda amazi kandi irangwa nimbaraga zo hambere (hafi psi 200 mumasaha imwe), bitatewe gusa nuruvange gusa ahubwo no kurwego rwo guhuzagurika rwakuwe kumuvuduko wa 250-500ft.ku isegonda.no kugereranya amazi make / sima (hafi 0.35).Shotcrete, hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zidasanzwe, irashobora guhindura urutare rwimbaraga nkeya rukaba uruhamye, kandi intege nke kubutare bwa plastike zatewe hamwe na zo zirashobora kuguma zihamye hamwe na santimetero nkeya zifasha kurasa.Kubera imiterere yacyo, isasu rirashobora gukomeza guhinduka cyane mumezi cyangwa imyaka nta kunanirwa no guturika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2021
